Wild Blueberry Fruit Extract

Blueberries are the fruit of a group of plant species belonging to the genus Vaccinium, section Cyanococcus. Blueberries contain anthocyanins that give the characteristic blue-purple color. They also contain other polyphenols and various phytochemicals. Commercial blueberries include wild (‘lowbush’) and cultivated (‘highbush’) varieties. Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) are native to North American and are both smaller and have more intense color than the cultivated highbush blueberries. They also have higher anthocyanin and polyphenols content [1,2]. Most wild blueberries are harvested from native patches in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Maine. Wild blueberry supplementation has primarily been studied for supporting cognitive function and brain health [3,4].*

TOP BENEFITS OF WILD BLUEBERRY

Supports cognitive function*

Supports vision*

Supports antioxidant defenses*

Supports cardiometabolic health*

QUALIA’S WILD BLUEBERRY FRUIT SOURCING

North American wild blueberry fruits are sourced from FutureCeuticals, a leader in growing, researching, and creating unique fruit and vegetable powders and extracts. 

FutureCeuticals HiActives® North American Wild Blueberry Powder is standardized to contain no less than 1.5% Anthocyanins. 

Grown in North America (USA and Canada)

Wild Blueberry Powder is GRAS, non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegan.

WILD BLUEBERRY FRUIT FORMULATING PRINCIPLES AND RATIONALE  

Wild blueberries are safely consumed as a food and have been clinically studied in humans at a variety of amounts, ranging from as low as 100 mg/day to multiple grams. In general, standardized wild blueberry extracts have been used in lower amounts than non-standardized extracts.*

WILD BLUEBERRY FRUIT KEY MECHANISMS

Supports brain function*

Supports memory in older adults* [3–5]

Supports memory and cognitive performance in children* [6–9]

Supports mood* [10]

Supports task-related brain activation* [11]

Supports memory (animal studies)* [12–15]

Supports dopaminergic neurotransmission* [16–18]

Supports brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)* [14,15,19–21]

Supports long-term potentiation (LTP)* [22]

Supports neuroprotective functions* [23–25]

Supports healthy brain aging* [18,26,27]

Supports brain circulation* [11]

Supports antioxidant defenses*

Supports antioxidant enzymes in the brain* [28–30]

Replenishes glutathione (GSH)* [31]

Supports free radical scavenging and antioxidant functions* [28,32–34]

Supports nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling* [29,30]

Supports healthy cardiometabolic function*

Supports cardiac function* [35]

Supports vascular function* [36]

Supports cardio-protective functions* [37]

Supports endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activity* [31]

Supports healthy blood pressure* [3,28,38–40]

Counters LDL oxidation* [34,38]

Supports healthy blood glucose levels* [41]

Supports healthy vision*

Supports retinal photoreceptor cell resistance to blue light-induced damage* [42,43]

Supports resistance to screen-induced ocular fatigue* [44,45]

Promotes exercise performance*

Supports exercise performance* [46]

Supports recovery from muscle damage* [47]

Supports a healthy gut microbiota*

Supports the composition of the gut microbiota* [48–55]

Supports microbial metabolism — short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production* [56]

Supports the intestinal epithelial barrier* [51]

Supports healthy immune function*

Supports innate immune system* [36,57–61]

Supports adaptive immune system* [62]

Supports immune system communication* [61,63,64]

Promotes healthy aging and longevity*

Supports stem cell proliferation* [65]

Supports the management of senescent cells* [66]

Supports DNA repair enzymes and DNA structure* [29,67–69]

Complementary ingredients*

Grape extracts for support of cognitive function* [70–73]

Grape extracts for blueberry/grape polyphenol bioavailability* [74]

Green tea and soy protein for general immune health* [75]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

REFERENCES

[1]K.L. Wolfe, X. Kang, X. He, M. Dong, Q. Zhang, R.H. Liu, J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 (2008) 8418–8426.

[2]G. Borges, A. Degeneve, W. Mullen, A. Crozier, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58 (2010) 3901–3909.

[3]A.R. Whyte, N. Cheng, E. Fromentin, C.M. Williams, Nutrients 10 (2018).

[4]R. Krikorian, M.D. Shidler, T.A. Nash, W. Kalt, M.R. Vinqvist-Tymchuk, B. Shukitt-Hale, J.A. Joseph, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58 (2010) 3996–4000.

[5]R.K. McNamara, W. Kalt, M.D. Shidler, J. McDonald, S.S. Summer, A.L. Stein, A.N. Stover, R. Krikorian, Neurobiol. Aging 64 (2018) 147–156.

[6]A.R. Whyte, C.M. Williams, Nutrition 31 (2015) 531–534.

[7]A.R. Whyte, G. Schafer, C.M. Williams, Food Funct. 8 (2017) 4129–4138.

[8]K.L. Barfoot, G. May, D.J. Lamport, J. Ricketts, P.M. Riddell, C.M. Williams, Eur. J. Nutr. (2018).

[9]A.R. Whyte, G. Schafer, C.M. Williams, Eur. J. Nutr. 55 (2016) 2151–2162.

[10]S. Khalid, K.L. Barfoot, G. May, D.J. Lamport, S.A. Reynolds, C.M. Williams, Nutrients 9 (2017).

[11]J.L. Bowtell, Z. Aboo-Bakkar, M.E. Conway, A.-L.R. Adlam, J. Fulford, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 42 (2017) 773–779.

[12]C. Andres-Lacueva, B. Shukitt-Hale, R.L. Galli, O. Jauregui, R.M. Lamuela-Raventos, J.A. Joseph, Nutr. Neurosci. 8 (2005) 111–120.

[13]P. Goyarzu, D.H. Malin, F.C. Lau, G. Taglialatela, W.D. Moon, R. Jennings, E. Moy, D. Moy, S. Lippold, B. Shukitt-Hale, J.A. Joseph, Nutr. Neurosci. 7 (2004) 75–83.

[14]C. Rendeiro, D. Vauzour, M. Rattray, P. Waffo-Téguo, J.M. Mérillon, L.T. Butler, C.M. Williams, J.P.E. Spencer, PLoS One 8 (2013) e63535.

[15]C.M. Williams, M.A. El Mohsen, D. Vauzour, C. Rendeiro, L.T. Butler, J.A. Ellis, M. Whiteman, J.P.E. Spencer, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 45 (2008) 295–305.

[16]I. Strömberg, C. Gemma, J. Vila, P.C. Bickford, Exp. Neurol. 196 (2005) 298–307.

[17]S.O. McGuire, C.E. Sortwell, B. Shukitt-Hale, J.A. Joseph, M.J. Hejna, T.J. Collier, Nutr. Neurosci. 9 (2006) 251–258.

[18]K.A. Youdim, B. Shukitt-Hale, A. Martin, H. Wang, N. Denisova, P.C. Bickford, J.A. Joseph, Nutr. Neurosci. 3 (2000) 383–397.

[19]C. Rendeiro, D. Vauzour, R.J. Kean, L.T. Butler, M. Rattray, J.P.E. Spencer, C.M. Williams, Psychopharmacology 223 (2012) 319–330.

[20]A.N. Carey, K.R. Gildawie, A. Rovnak, N. Thangthaeng, D.R. Fisher, B. Shukitt-Hale, Nutr. Neurosci. 22 (2019) 253–263.

[21]N. Xu, H. Meng, T. Liu, Y. Feng, Y. Qi, D. Zhang, H. Wang, Front. Pharmacol. 8 (2017) 853.

[22]S.J. Coultrap, P.C. Bickford, M.D. Browning, Age 30 (2008) 263–272.

[23]B. Shukitt-Hale, F.C. Lau, A.N. Carey, R.L. Galli, E.L. Spangler, D.K. Ingram, J.A. Joseph, Nutr. Neurosci. 11 (2008) 172–182.

[24]Q. Guo, Y.-N. Kim, B.-H. Lee, Nutr. Res. Pract. 11 (2017) 25–32.

[25]I. Traupe, M. Giacalone, J. Agrimi, M. Baroncini, A. Pomé, D. Fabiani, S. Danti, M.R. Timpano Sportiello, F. Di Sacco, V. Lionetti, F. Giunta, F. Forfori, Minerva Anestesiol. 84 (2018) 1352–1360.

[26]J.A. Joseph, B. Shukitt-Hale, N.A. Denisova, D. Bielinski, A. Martin, J.J. McEwen, P.C. Bickford, J. Neurosci. 19 (1999) 8114–8121.

[27]B. Shukitt-Hale, R.L. Galli, V. Meterko, A. Carey, D.F. Bielinski, T. McGhie, J.A. Joseph, Age 27 (2005) 49–57.

[28]C.M. Elks, S.D. Reed, N. Mariappan, B. Shukitt-Hale, J.A. Joseph, D.K. Ingram, J. Francis, PLoS One 6 (2011) e24028.

[29]K. Kavitha, P. Thiyagarajan, J. Rathna Nandhini, R. Mishra, S. Nagini, Biochimie 95 (2013) 1629–1639.

[30]Y.-P. Wang, M.-L. Cheng, B.-F. Zhang, M. Mu, J. Wu, World J. Gastroenterol. 16 (2010) 2657–2663.

[31]Y.E. Lopera, J. Fantinelli, L.F. González Arbeláez, B. Rojano, J.L. Ríos, G. Schinella, S. Mosca, Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013 (2013) 516727.

[32]H. Wang, G. Cao, R.L. Prior, J. Agric. Food Chem. 45 (1997) 304–309.

[33]S.M. Bornsek, L. Ziberna, T. Polak, A. Vanzo, N.P. Ulrih, V. Abram, F. Tramer, S. Passamonti, Food Chem. 134 (2012) 1878–1884.

[34]B.C. Blacker, S.M. Snyder, D.L. Eggett, T.L. Parker, Br. J. Nutr. 109 (2013) 1670–1677.

[35]A. Cassidy, K.J. Mukamal, L. Liu, M. Franz, A.H. Eliassen, E.B. Rimm, Circulation 127 (2013) 188–196.

[36]A. Rodriguez-Mateos, G. Istas, L. Boschek, R.P. Feliciano, C.E. Mills, C. Boby, S. Gomez-Alonso, D. Milenkovic, C. Heiss, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 74 (2019) 967–976.

[37]I. Ahmet, E. Spangler, B. Shukitt-Hale, M. Juhaszova, S.J. Sollott, J.A. Joseph, D.K. Ingram, M. Talan, PLoS One 4 (2009) e5954.

[38]A. Basu, M. Du, M.J. Leyva, K. Sanchez, N.M. Betts, M. Wu, C.E. Aston, T.J. Lyons, J. Nutr. 140 (2010) 1582–1587.

[39]S.A. Johnson, A. Figueroa, N. Navaei, A. Wong, R. Kalfon, L.T. Ormsbee, R.G. Feresin, M.L. Elam, S. Hooshmand, M.E. Payton, B.H. Arjmandi, J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 115 (2015) 369–377.

[40]K.S. Shaughnessy, I.A. Boswall, A.P. Scanlan, K.T. Gottschall-Pass, M.I. Sweeney, Nutr. Res. 29 (2009) 130–138.

[41]L. Bell, D.J. Lamport, L.T. Butler, C.M. Williams, Food Funct. 8 (2017) 3104–3110.

[42]E. Ooe, Y. Kuse, T. Yako, T. Sogon, S. Nakamura, H. Hara, M. Shimazawa, Mol. Vis. 24 (2018) 621–632.

[43]B.-L. Lee, J.-H. Kang, H.-M. Kim, S.-H. Jeong, D.-S. Jang, Y.-P. Jang, S.-Y. Choung, Nutr. Res. 36 (2016) 1402–1414.

[44]C.Y. Park, N. Gu, C.-Y. Lim, J.-H. Oh, M. Chang, M. Kim, M.-Y. Rhee, BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 16 (2016) 296.

[45]Y. Ozawa, M. Kawashima, S. Inoue, E. Inagaki, A. Suzuki, E. Ooe, S. Kobayashi, K. Tsubota, J. Nutr. Health Aging 19 (2015) 548–554.

[46]C.H. Park, Y.S. Kwak, H.K. Seo, H.Y. Kim, Iran. J. Public Health 47 (2018) 27–32.

[47]Y. McLeay, M.J. Barnes, T. Mundel, S.M. Hurst, R.D. Hurst, S.R. Stannard, J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 9 (2012) 19.

[48]S. Guglielmetti, D. Fracassetti, V. Taverniti, C. Del Bo’, S. Vendrame, D. Klimis-Zacas, S. Arioli, P. Riso, M. Porrini, J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (2013) 8134–8140.

[49]S. Vendrame, S. Guglielmetti, P. Riso, S. Arioli, D. Klimis-Zacas, M. Porrini, J. Agric. Food Chem. 59 (2011) 12815–12820.

[50]X. Jiao, Y. Wang, Y. Lin, Y. Lang, E. Li, X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Feng, X. Meng, B. Li, J. Nutr. Biochem. 64 (2019) 88–100.

[51]Z. Yan, F. Yang, Z. Hong, S. Wang, Z. Jinjuan, B. Han, R. Xie, F. Leng, Q. Yang, Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 (2019) 5236149.

[52]J. Guo, X. Han, H. Tan, W. Huang, Y. You, J. Zhan, iScience 19 (2019) 676–690.

[53]S. Lee, K.I. Keirsey, R. Kirkland, Z.I. Grunewald, J.G. Fischer, C.B. de La Serre, J. Nutr. 148 (2018) 209–219.

[54]A. Lacombe, R.W. Li, D. Klimis-Zacas, A.S. Kristo, S. Tadepalli, E. Krauss, R. Young, V.C.H. Wu, PLoS One 8 (2013) e67497.

[55]U.D. Wankhade, Y. Zhong, O.P. Lazarenko, S.V. Chintapalli, B.D. Piccolo, J.-R. Chen, K. Shankar, Nutrients 11 (2019).

[56]C.J. Rebello, J. Burton, M. Heiman, F.L. Greenway, J. Diabetes Complications 29 (2015) 1272–1276.

[57]A.R. Nair, N. Mariappan, A.J. Stull, J. Francis, Food Funct. 8 (2017) 4118–4128.

[58]E.D. Lewis, Z. Ren, J. DeFuria, M.S. Obin, S.N. Meydani, D. Wu, Br. J. Nutr. 119 (2018) 1393–1399.

[59]V. Taverniti, A. Dalla Via, M. Minuzzo, C. Del Bo’, P. Riso, H. Frøkiær, S. Guglielmetti, Food Funct. 8 (2017) 3601–3609.

[60]L.S. McAnulty, S.R. Collier, M.J. Landram, D.S. Whittaker, S.E. Isaacs, J.M. Klemka, S.L. Cheek, J.C. Arms, S.R. McAnulty, Nutr. Res. 34 (2014) 577–584.

[61]L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, C.L. Dumke, L.A. Shooter, D.A. Henson, A.C. Utter, G. Milne, S.R. McAnulty, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 36 (2011) 976–984.

[62]Y.-P. Wang, M.-L. Cheng, B.-F. Zhang, M. Mu, M.-Y. Zhou, J. Wu, C.-X. Li, Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int 9 (2010) 164–168.

[63]M. Pervin, M.A. Hasnat, J.-H. Lim, Y.-M. Lee, E.O. Kim, B.-H. Um, B.O. Lim, J. Nutr. Biochem. 28 (2016) 103–113.

[64]X. Sun, N. Liu, Z. Wu, Y. Feng, X. Meng, Molecules 20 (2015) 3841–3853.

[65]P.C. Bickford, J. Tan, R.D. Shytle, C.D. Sanberg, N. El-Badri, P.R. Sanberg, Stem Cells Dev. 15 (2006) 118–123.

[66]J. Zhang, O.P. Lazarenko, M.L. Blackburn, K. Shankar, T.M. Badger, M.J.J. Ronis, J.-R. Chen, PLoS One 6 (2011) e24486.

[67]P. Riso, D. Klimis-Zacas, C. Del Bo’, D. Martini, J. Campolo, S. Vendrame, P. Møller, S. Loft, R. De Maria, M. Porrini, Eur. J. Nutr. 52 (2013) 949–961.

[68]L.C. Wilms, A.W. Boots, V.C.J. de Boer, L.M. Maas, D.M.F.A. Pachen, R.W.H. Gottschalk, H.B. Ketelslegers, R.W.L. Godschalk, G.R.M.M. Haenen, F.J. van Schooten, J.C.S. Kleinjans, Carcinogenesis 28 (2007) 1800–1806.

[69]C. Del Bó, P. Riso, J. Campolo, P. Møller, S. Loft, D. Klimis-Zacas, A. Brambilla, A. Rizzolo, M. Porrini, Nutr. Res. 33 (2013) 220–227.

[70]J. Bensalem, S. Dudonné, N. Etchamendy, H. Pellay, C. Amadieu, D. Gaudout, S. Dubreuil, M.-E. Paradis, S. Pomerleau, L. Capuron, C. Hudon, S. Layé, Y. Desjardins, V. Pallet, The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74 (2019) 996–1007.

[71]J. Bensalem, S. Dudonné, D. Gaudout, L. Servant, F. Calon, Y. Desjardins, S. Layé, P. Lafenetre, V. Pallet, J. Nutr. Sci. 7 (2018) e19.

[72]A. Dal-Pan, S. Dudonné, P. Bourassa, M. Bourdoulous, C. Tremblay, Y. Desjardins, F. Calon, on behalf of the Neurophenols consortium, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 55 (2016) 115–135.

[73]P. Philip, P. Sagaspe, J. Taillard, C. Mandon, J. Constans, L. Pourtau, C. Pouchieu, D. Angelino, P. Mena, D. Martini, D. Del Rio, D. Vauzour, Antioxidants (Basel) 8 (2019).

[74]S. Dudonné, A. Dal-Pan, P. Dubé, T.V. Varin, F. Calon, Y. Desjardins, Food Funct. 7 (2016) 3421–3430.

[75]M. Ahmed, D.A. Henson, M.C. Sanderson, D.C. Nieman, N.D. Gillitt, M.A. Lila, Phytother. Res. 28 (2014) 1829–1836.